Masticatory performance and oral health related to quality of life before and after orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Masticatory performance is considered an important step in the beginning of the digestive process and considering the patient's aesthetic and functional factors, it is necessary to choose appropriate treatments. Based on the evidence during orthodontic treatment, the restoration of the physiological function of masticatory performance should not be neglected. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between orthodontic treatment and improved masticatory performance and oral health related to quality of life. In the present study, all articles published till the end of August 2023 were extracted by two trained researchers independently through a search in databases like PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI, Web of Knowledge, Elsevier, Wiley, and Embase, and Google Scholar search engine using keywords and their combinations. Data analysis was done using the fixed effects model in a meta-analysis, by STATA (version 17); a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Based on the results, the mean difference in masticatory performance between pre-treatment and post-treatment was 2.23 (MD: 2.23; 95CI, 2.17, 2.29. p<0.01; I2= 99.98%; p<0.01). The mean difference in oral health related to quality of life between pre-treatment and post-treatment was -32.23 (MD: -32.23; 95CI, -33.35, -31.11. p<0.01; I2= 97%; p<0.01). Orthodontic treatment had a positive effect on masticatory performance and improved the quality of life of patients after treatment.

Risk factors associated with implant sites prepared by orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.

The patient's health and quality of life would probably be improved with dental implant. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with dental implants place by orthodontic treatment. In this study, information on risk factors associated with implants of sites prepared, radiology stereotypes and hospitalized were obtined from databases such as Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed, and 58 articles were included for this purpose. After analyzing the articles, 24 articles were not accepted and 34 articles were accepted, then, 16 articles were miscarriage and 18 articles were scientific sources. The results showed that orthodontic treatment has a significant effect on a person's sense of beauty and would possibly increase self-confidence and quality of life. The stability of the implant in the healing phase depends on the quality and quantity of the bone. Also, the width of the bone is one of the important issues in creating a successful treatment. When an implant fails, problems and symptoms of failure usually occur within the first year after surgery. After one year, there is only about a 1% chance of failure, and on average only 1% of all implants fail each year.

Elucidating the direct effects of the novel HDAC inhibitor bocodepsin (OKI-179) on T cells to rationally design regimens for combining with immunotherapy.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are currently being explored for the treatment of both solid and hematological malignancies. Although originally thought to exert cytotoxic responses through tumor-intrinsic mechanisms by increasing expression of tumor suppressor genes, several studies have demonstrated that therapeutic responses depend on an intact adaptive immune system: particularly CD8 T cells. It is therefore critical to understand how HDACi directly affects T cells in order to rationally design regimens for combining with immunotherapy. In this study, we evaluated T cell responses to a novel class-selective HDACi (OKI-179, bocodepsin) by assessing histone acetylation levels, which revealed rapid responsiveness accompanied by an increase in CD4 and CD8 T cell frequencies in the blood. However, these rapid responses were transient, as histone acetylation and frequencies waned within 24 hours. This contrasts with in vitro models where high acetylation was sustained and continuous exposure to HDACi suppressed cytokine production. In vivo comparisons demonstrated that stopping OKI-179 treatment during PD-1 blockade was superior to continuous treatment. These findings provide novel insight into the direct effects of HDAC inhibitors on T cells and that treatment schedules that take into account acute T cell effects should be considered when combined with immunotherapies in order to fully harness the tumor-specific T cell responses in patients.

MicroRNAs Function in Dental Stem Cells as a Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Dental Diseases.

Undifferentiated, highly proliferative, clonogenic, and self-renewing dental stem cells have paved the way for novel approaches to mending cleft palates, rebuilding lost jawbone and periodontal tissue, and, most significantly, recreating lost teeth. New treatment techniques may be guided by a better understanding of these cells and their potential in terms of the specificity of the regenerative response. MicroRNAs have been recognized as an essential component in stem cell biology due to their role as epigenetic regulators of the processes that determine stem cell destiny. MicroRNAs have been proven to be crucial in a wide variety of molecular and biological processes, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, migration, and necrocytosis. MicroRNAs have been recognized to control protein translation, messenger RNA stability, and transcription and have been reported to play essential roles in dental stem cell biology, including the differentiation of dental stem cells, the immunological response, apoptosis, and the inflammation of the dental pulp. Because microRNAs increase dental stem cell differentiation, they may be used in regenerative medicine to either preserve the stem cell phenotype or to aid in the development of tooth tissue. The development of novel biomarkers and therapies for dental illnesses relies heavily on progress made in our knowledge of the roles played by microRNAs in regulating dental stem cells. In this article, we discuss how dental stem cells and their associated microRNAs may be used to cure dental illness.

Covalent JNK Inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, Suppresses Tumor Growth in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Activating TFEB- and TFE3-Mediated Lysosome Biogenesis and Autophagy.

The heterogeneity and aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) contribute to its early recurrence and metastasis. Despite substantial research to identify effective therapeutic targets, TNBC remains elusive in terms of improving patient outcomes. Here, we report that a covalent JNK inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, suppresses TNBC growth both in vitro and in vivo. JNK-IN-8 reduced colony formation, cell viability, and organoid growth in vitro and slowed patient-derived xenograft and syngeneic tumor growth in vivo. Cells treated with JNK-IN-8 exhibited large, cytoplasmic vacuoles with lysosomal markers. To examine the molecular mechanism of this phenotype, we looked at the master regulators of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy transcription factor EB (TFEB) and TFE3. JNK-IN-8 inhibited TFEB phosphorylation and induced nuclear translocation of unphosphorylated TFEB and TFE3. This was accompanied by an upregulation of TFEB/TFE3 target genes associated with lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Depletion of both TFEB and TFE3 diminished the JNK-IN-8-driven upregulation of lysosome biogenesis and/or autophagy markers. TFEB and TFE3 are phosphorylated by a number of kinases, including mTOR. JNK-IN-8 reduced phosphorylation of mTOR targets in a concentration-dependent manner. Knockout of JNK1 and/or JNK2 had no impact on TFEB/TFE3 activation or mTOR inhibition by JNK-IN-8 but inhibited colony formation. Similarly, reexpression of either wildtype or drug-nonbinding JNK (C116S) in JNK knockout cells did not reverse JNK-IN-8-induced TFEB dephosphorylation. In summary, JNK-IN-8 induced lysosome biogenesis and autophagy by activating TFEB/TFE3 via mTOR inhibition independently of JNK. Together, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of JNK-IN-8 as a targeted therapy for TNBC and reveal its novel lysosome- and autophagy-mediated mechanism of action.

Plant-mediated synthesis of silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against bacteria cause tooth decay.

In this research, silver-doped zinc oxide (SdZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in an environmental-friendly manner. The synthesized NPs were identified by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO and SdZnO NPs was performed. It was observed that by doping silver, the size of ZnO NPs was changed. By adding silver to ZnO NPs, the antimicrobial effect of ZnO NPs was improved. Antibacterial test against gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutants showed that SdZnO NPs with a low density of silver had higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs; Therefore, SdZnO NPs can be used as a new antibacterial agent in medical applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using an eco-friendly synthesis method and their antimicrobial activity against bacteria causing tooth decay was studied.

Canine and molar movement, rotation and tipping by NiTi coils versus elastomeric chains in first maxillary premolar extraction orthodontic adolescents: A randomized split-mouth study.

PURPOSE: The primary objective was to compare canine and molar movement between NiTi coil and elastomeric chains. The secondary objective was to compare the side effects of these techniques (rotation and tipping). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-blind randomized split-mouth clinical trial was done prospectively. Healthy patients who needed extraction of the first maxillary premolars and did not require anchorage reinforcement techniques for orthodontic treatment were included. Following initial levelling and alignment a dental cast and panoramic radiographs were taken (pre-space closure documents) and canine retraction was done using elastomeric chains on one side and NiTi closed coil spring on the other side. After four months, the same documents were taken and movement (mm), as well as rotation (degree) and tipping (degree) of canines and first molars, were calculated by comparison of pre and post space closure documents by a blinded examiner. Data were analysed by independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test with a significance level of 0.0125. RESULTS: Overall 20 patients completed the study. The average canine movement was 3.88 and 5.45mm (distal movement) in elastomeric chains and NiTi coil groups, respectively (P=0.001). For molars, the movement was 1.20 and 1.15mm (mesial movement), respectively (P=0.529). The mean rotation of the canine in elastomeric chains and NiTi coil groups were 4.50° and 7.43° (mesiobuccal rotation), respectively (P=0.006). For the molars, the mean rotation was 0.23° and 1.90° (mesiolingual rotation), respectively (P=0.307). Average tipping of the canine in elastomeric chains and NiTi coil groups were 4.52° and 7.55° (distal tipping), respectively (P=0.011). For the molars, the numbers were 1.45° and 4.80° (mesial tipping), respectively (P=0.028). CONCLUSION: Canine retraction by NiTi coil springs is faster compared to elastomeric powerchains with the cost of more canine tipping and rotation and more molar tipping. No significant difference was found in molar movement, rotation and tipping between the two techniques.

The effect of single/multiple micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and its possible complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Different surgical and non-surgical approaches have been proposed to accelerate tooth movement and decrease the duration of orthodontic treatments. Recently, less invasive techniques such as micro-osteoperforation (MOP) are becoming more common. Several clinical trials have been performed to analyse the effect of MOP. This systematic review with meta-analyses was done to evaluate the effect of MOP on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Electronic search was done in PubMed and Cochrane database for studies published until January 2021. Comparative randomized clinical trial studies with 10 or more participants per group were included. The risk of bias (ROB) of the studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaborations tool. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the mean difference in tooth movement rate and compare the level of pain between MOP and control groups. RESULTS: Among a total of 15 included studies, eight studies were at low ROB, while others had unclear ROB. Ten studies evaluated the effect of MOP on OTM rate in canine retraction, and related meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the MOP and control group [SMD=0.42; 95% CI=0.20 to 0.63, P<0.01]. Besides, quantitative analysis showed MOP caused no significant higher anchorage loss [SMD=0.01; 95% CI=-0.15 to 0.13, P=0.89] and pain [SMD=0.54; 95% CI=-0.25 to 1.33, P=0.18]. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, both single and multiple applications of MOP increased the rate of OTM. However, the meta-analysis results of the four studies with low risk of bias showed that there is no significant difference in the rate of tooth movement between MOP and control groups. Besides, it has been shown that MOP did not significantly increase the level of pain, anchorage loss, and periodontal complications.

Effect of gingival biotype on orthodontic treatment-inducedperiodontal complications: A systematic review.

Background: It is crucial to maintain periodontal health in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Biotype is a critical factor to be considered in this regard. This systematic review investigated the scientific evidence on the relationship between gingival biotype and marginal periodontal alterations induced by orthodontic interventions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for pertinent studies in three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane up to August 1, 2019 based on a detailed protocol according to the PRISMA statement. The authors also completed a hand search in six dental journals and the bibliographic lists of the relevant studies. Results: Of 1512 citations retrieved through the electronic search, 602 were duplicate entries. By evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, eight articles conformed to the inclusion criteria; however, no relevant studies were found through hand searching. The evidence suggested that recession was inversely related with the thickness of the facial margin. These findings were more evident in proclined teeth and patients using fixed appliances. Conclusion: The existing evidence suggests that orthodontic therapy might result in mild detrimental effects on the periodontium, especially in patients with thin biotype. However, due to the limited investigations and their inconsistent methodology, further well-designed prospective studies are necessary.

Dual compartmental targeting of cell cycle and angiogenic kinases in colorectal cancer models.

Cancer is a disease caused by several factors characterized by uncontrolled cell division, growth, and survival. ENMD-2076, is a novel orally active small molecule multikinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis, proliferation, and the cell cycle. It is selectively active against the mitotic kinases aurora A and B, and kinases responsible for angiogenesis including VEGFR2/KDR and FGFR1 and 2. ENMD-2076 has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and prevent angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical cancer models. Moreover, in a phase I trial, ENMD-2076 was well tolerated, exhibited a linear pharmacokinetic profile, and showed a promising antitumor activity in a number of solid tumors. In this study, we show that ENMD-2076 has antiproliferative effects, causes cell cycle arrest, and has activity in preclinical models of colorectal cancer (CRC), including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Forty-seven human CRC cell lines were exposed in vitro to ENMD-2076 and analyzed for effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and downstream effector proteins. The drug was then tested against 20 human CRC PDX models to further evaluate in-vivo antitumor activity. We show that ENMD-2076 exhibits a broad range of activity against a large panel of CRC cell lines with varying molecular characteristics. Mechanistically, ENMD-2076 exposure resulted in a G2/M cell cycle arrest, an increase in aneuploidy, and cell death in responsive cell lines. In addition, ENMD-2076 treatment resulted in a promising antitumor activity in CRC PDX models. These results support the continued development of ENMD-2076 in CRC including further exploration of rational combinations.

Long Noncoding RNA and Cancer: A New Paradigm.

In addition to mutations or aberrant expression in the protein-coding genes, mutations and misregulation of noncoding RNAs, in particular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), appear to play major roles in cancer. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of lncRNAs associated with various types of cancer. Alterations in lncRNA expression and their mutations promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. LncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and -promoting (oncogenic) functions. Because of their genome-wide expression patterns in a variety of tissues and their tissue-specific expression characteristics, lncRNAs hold strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of lncRNAs in different types of cancer and discussed their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 77(15); 3965-81. ©2017 AACR.